What is India’s current framework missing in terms of tobacco control strategies and solutions?

India’s Tobacco Control Framework: Missing the Mark on Harm Reduction

India, as a member of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC), faces the challenge of having the world’s second-largest number of smokers. Despite implementing measures like taxation and awareness campaigns, tobacco-related diseases remain a significant concern, contributing to nearly half of the country’s cancer burden.

A Missed Opportunity: Ban on E-cigarettes

In 2019, India imposed a blanket ban on e-cigarettes, without distinguishing between different classes of nicotine-delivery products. This ban included e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTP), and e-hookahs. However, research indicates that these products vary in their risk profiles, and some alternatives to combustible cigarettes pose significantly lower risks.

Global Success Stories: Harm Reduction in Practice

Countries like the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Sweden have embraced harm reduction strategies, which involve exploring safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes. In the UK, for example, e-cigarettes have contributed to record-low smoking rates, with only 12.9% of the adult population smoking cigarettes in 2022.

Addressing the Health Burden

Tobacco use remains a leading preventable cause of death in India, with over one million adults dying annually. The healthcare expenditure on tobacco-related diseases is estimated to be around ₹13,500 crore. By exploring harm reduction strategies, India could reduce the prevalence of smoking and consequently the burden of tobacco-related diseases.

A Science-Based Approach

Rather than implementing blanket bans, India should adopt a risk-based approach to tobacco control. This involves regulating products based on their toxicant levels and potential for harm reduction. By integrating safer alternatives and prioritizing the reduction of smoking prevalence, India can make significant progress towards its goal of mitigating tobacco-related health risks.

Call to Action: Embracing Innovation

India needs to focus on scientific harm reduction strategies and engage with policymakers and experts around the world to explore cutting-edge technology. A balanced approach that integrates evidence-based solutions can help India achieve its public health goals and reduce the devastating impact of tobacco use.

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