Sleep Quality, Circadian Rhythm, and Metabolism Differ in Women and Men – New Review Reveals This Could Affect Disease
Introduction
Sleep is essential for our physical and mental health, and research has shown that women and men may experience different sleep patterns and qualities. A recent review of studies has highlighted key differences in sleep quality, circadian rhythm, and metabolism between women and men, suggesting that these differences could impact their risk of certain diseases.
Circadian Rhythm Differences
The circadian rhythm, a 24-hour cycle that controls many bodily functions, shows variations between women and men. Women’s melatonin secretion, a hormone that helps regulate sleep, occurs earlier than in men. Additionally, women have higher body temperatures earlier in the evening, which may contribute to their preference for earlier sleep times.
Sleep Quality Variations
Women report lower sleep quality compared to men and experience greater fluctuations in their sleep patterns. They are more likely to develop sleep disorders such as restless leg syndrome, while men have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea.
Metabolic Effects
Sleep quality and the circadian rhythm strongly influence metabolism. Sleep deprivation affects brain responses to food cues differently in women and men. Sleep-deprived women show increased activity in brain areas associated with emotion when viewing food images, while men report greater hunger.
Disease Risk
Circadian rhythm disruption has been linked to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that men working night shifts have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while female night shift workers are more likely to be overweight or obese.
Implications for Treatment
The differences in sleep patterns and circadian rhythm between women and men emphasize the importance of considering biological sex when diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. Tailoring treatment to individual sex profiles may improve outcomes.
Future Research
Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the sex differences in sleep and circadian rhythm. Investigating the influence of menstrual cycles and contraceptive use on sleep can provide insights into these variations.
Conclusion
The review highlights significant differences in sleep quality, circadian rhythm, and metabolism between women and men, revealing potential implications for overall health and disease risk. These findings underscore the need for sex-based approaches to understanding and addressing sleep-related issues. By considering biological sex, healthcare professionals can provide more effective and personalized treatments for sleep disorders.
Mehek 
Divya